Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Latrines and toilets: still pending in Africa (Mozambique)
2014. Unimproved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Personal hygiene: outdoor washing (Ecuador)
2016. Space and objects for personal hygiene. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH 

Personal hygiene: boudoir
1900. Personal washstand. Pickman y Cía. La Cartuja (Sevilla) © Museo del Traje.

Water and foodstuffs (Ecuador)
2016 Cleaning fish for lunch in the stream. Aitaca (Ecuador) © AEEH

Water and foodstuffs (Spain)
1944. Ready to clean the pig’s entrails on the day of the slaughter. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene: keeping the crockery clean (Mongolia)
1993. Girls doing the dishes beside a yurt, near Tseteserleg (Mongolia) © AEEH

Nappy drier or squeegee (Spain)
Squeegee (local name), Córdoba (Spain) © Museo Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Child hygiene: washing nappies (Morocco)
1989. Six-year-old girl washing her brother’s nappies. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Child hygiene, (Benin)
2014 h. Bathing her daughter. Kalalé, Borgou (Benin) © Fundación Alaine. 

Child hygiene (Mexico)
1751-1800. From a mulatto and a mestiza, a cuarterón is born. Puebla (México), Oil by Joaquín Magón © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Domestic hygiene: clean, bleached and disinfected clothing (Morocco)
1989. Rural women and children doing the washing in the river. Tannernit (Morocco) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, family celebrations (Spain)
1952. Preparing a bridal fleece with newly-washed wool. Andiñuela de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Domestic hygiene, washing wool for craft production (Spain)
1952. Washing lambs’ wool for domestic textile production. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain). © Odyssey Productions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

 Domestic hygiene, doing the washing in the village stream (Spain)
1952. Washing in the stream. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © OdysseyProductions, Inc. o/b/o. The State of Alan Lomax

Domestic hygiene, urban laundry (Spain)
1928. Posing at the laundry in Ronda de Atocha, Madrid (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid.

Domestic hygiene: river scene with washerwomen
Washerwomen at the river Pungwe (Mozambique) © AEEH

Plants for sanitation (Ecuador)
2016. Putaspanga (indigenous name), a plant for sanitary use. Herb garden. Archidona (Ecuador) © AEEH

Improved latrines (Mozambique)
2014. Improved latrines in the suburbs. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH