Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid

Post production tasks: sausages and preserves (Spain)
2011.  Slaughter and preserves. Andiñuela de Somoza (León) © AEEH 

Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Spinning wool for jerseys. Santa Colomba de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

 Post production tasks: textiles (Spain)
2016. Artisan stretching recently milled blankets. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Museo Textil, Val de San Lorenzo

 Post production tasks: textiles (Mexico)
(Pre-) 1993 Huipil from San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca, (Mexico). © Museo de América. 

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Zimbabwe)
1994. Outdoor cooking on the ground. Tonga village (Zimbabwe) © AEEH

Distribution tasks: preparing and sharing out foodstuffs (Spain)
1885-1889. Village kitchen, Valencia (Spain), Joaquín Sorolla © Museo Sorolla. 

Productive farm tasks: women ploughing (Spain)
1952. Women ploughing. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. 

Productive farm tasks: man ploughing (Spain)
1450 h. Man ploughing. Capitol of the Monastery of Santa María la Real de Nieva, Segovia (Spain) © AEEH

 Gender differences in salaries and land ownership property (Europe)
2012h. Farm-worker at Landgut farm, checking the ripeness of endives, Pretschen (Germany) © GettyImages, Photo, Patrick PleuL/AFP/

Shared ownership. How and since when? (Spain)
1998. Rural family winnowing chick-peas. Castilla León (Spain) © Museo del traje.

Eco feminism: Rights go along with responsibilities
2010. Vandana Shiva (1952), Dehradun (India) © Augustus Binu

Subsistence agriculture: the importance of family groups (Spain)

Productive farm tasks: picking tea (China)
1701-1850. Women picking tea. Chinese gouache on rice paper. © Museo de Artes Decorativas

Productive farm tasks: growing and harvesting cereals (Spain)
1960. Harvesting rye by hand. Andiñuela de Somoza, León (Spain) © B. Férnandez  

Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a flail (Spain)
1952. Woman threshing with a flail. Val de San Lorenzo, León (Spain) © Alan Lomax Collection at the American Folklife Center. Association for Cultural Equity 

 Productive farm tasks: separating grain and hay with a thresher
1998. Woman threshing with mules. Threshing in Castilla (Spain) © Museo del Traje.

Productive farm tasks: threshing (Morocco)
1989 . Men threshing, Amiz Miz, Marrakesh (Morocco) © AEEH

Productive tasks: mechanised farming (Spain)
2012. Mechanised harvesting, cornfield near Lucillo, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
1990. Communal pasture. Quintanilla de Somoza. León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: shepherding (Spain)
2009. Rearing sheep near Luyego de Somoza, León (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: transhumant shepherding (Spain)
2015. Transhumant shepherding, Cuenca – Jaén and back (Spain) © AEEH

Productive tasks: small-scale fishing (Mozambique)
2014. Small-scale fishing. Beira (Mozambique) © AEEH

Productive tasks: gathering shellfish (Spain)
1900-1901 Gathering shellfish. Joaquín Sorolla  © Museo Sorolla.  

Post production tasks: grinding (Peru)
1862. Grinding corn with a mealing stone. Arequipa (Peru) © Museo de Nacional de Antropología. 

Post production tasks: kneading (Spain)
1927. Women kneading Val de San Lorenzo. León, (Spain) © Museo de Historia de Madrid