Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH

Biocultural medium, longevity, gender and life expectancy (India)
c. 2014. Working the salt flats near Dhrangadhra, Gujarat (India) © Malcolm Chapman/GettyImages

Reproduction, basis of sexual differences (Peru)
1-600 [AD]. Ceremonial vase, couple copulating, cultural context Recuay (Peru) © Museo de América.

Armed conflict, violence and sexual health (Mexico)
1698. Conquest of Mexico: Cortés is received in Texcoco. Xicoténcatl makes peace and the chieftains offer their daughters to Cortés. Mother of pearl inlays by Juan and Miguel González. © Museo de América

Sexual health and violence (Spain)

Reproduction, the basis of life and evolution (Mexico)
1200[BC]-400[BC]. "Mujer bonita" and the energy cost of pregnancy and lactation, Tlatilco (México)  © Museo de América

Health and biological status
2005. Newborn with optimal biological status © AEEH

Anatomy and reproductive health (Spain)
400 [a C] Bronze anatomical votives representing ovaries and uteruso, Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain)  © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Reproductive health and risks during delivery (Spain)
1st century. Bronze forceps, Roman culture, Mérida, Badajoz (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional  

Risks of delivery: mother-infant death (Spain)
1536. Death of Isabel of Portugal © Museo Arqueológico Nacional.

Risks during delivery: maternal deaths
1826. Tombstone of a young girl who probably died during delivery, Toledo (Spain)  © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UA

Maternal death, AIDS and orphans (Mozambique)
2014 Girls and boys playing, Beira (Mozambique)  © AEEH

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: avitaminosis A
400 [BC] -101[BC] Votive offering of eyes. Santuario del Collado los Jardines, (Iberian culture), Santa Elena, Jaén (Spain) © Museo Arqueológico Nacional

Maternal morbidity and mortality and deficiency diseases: anaemia
2014. Women picking tea, Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka)  © AEEH

Infant mortality, neonatal and postnatal (Spain)
1860. Wet nurse with a baby in her arms, Madrid (Spain) © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Temporal trends in infant death (Kenya)
2014. Mother and daughter (Kenya) © AEEH

Neonatal mortality and death in under 5s (the Philippines)
Lactating child in his mother’s arms, Ifugao spoon (the Philippines) © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Neonatal death and preterm deliveries (Spain)
Basque cot for a newborn, 19th century (Spain) © Museo de Artes y Tradiciones Populares-UAM.

Neonatal death and tetanus (Ecuador)
2016. Wamajkara, utensil made of bamboo, for cutting the umbilical cord, Napo (Ecuador)  © AEEH

Shared diseases, differential risks: smoking and gender (Spain)
1850-1880. Girls smoking. Their games imitate adult habits © Museo Nacional del Romanticismo

Shared diseases, differential risk: fibromyalgia (Spain)
2005. Walking around Madrid. (Spain) © AEEH

 Sexual and reproductive health (the Philippines)
Spoon for everyday use representing the sexual act, Hapao region (Philippines)  © Museo Nacional de Antropología.

Bad indicators for reproductive health (Mozambique)
2014. Adolescents preparing food (Mozambique) © AEEH